商用电控门控五金之北美市场法规及标准篇

在北美商用市场，电控门控五金的应用已经有很多年历史且非常成熟！

随着企业研发的升级发展，国内传统五金制造商的产品线逐渐从机械类别产品延伸到电控门控五金领域，近年来开始接触到越来越多的项目有被要求产品需要满足安防性能UL294（或UL 1034， UL634等）要求。

过去传统五金制造商接触最多的是机械和防火性能的测试及认证，UL294安防性能对很多门控五金制造商来说是一个全新领域。要特别提醒的是并非所有的电控五金都要满足UL294认证要求，部分产品需要取得UL1034，UL634等安防性能的UL认证。

UL294（Standard for Access Control System Units）主要是针对门禁控制系统及其组件，包括门禁控制器，读卡器，电源，以及法规要求的特定和门禁系统相连的带电门控五金（如电控美标锁，电控逃生推杆锁，磁力锁等）。

通常情况下，对于delayed egress lock，其需要取得UL294认证才能在建筑项目上使用。而过线合页的安防性能则需要满足UL634的要求。

以下是常见的电控门控五金类别及其对应的标准要求：

在北美，涉及到商用电控门控五金的主要法规有2018 International Building Code IBC和NFPA 101 – The Life Safety Code。

其中2018 International Building Code IBC提到带电五金应用的章节有：

• 1010.1.9.7 – Controlled Egress Doors in Groups I-1 and I-2 (See note below)
• 1010.1.9.8 – Delayed Egress 
• 1010.1.9.9 – Sensor Release of Electrically Locked Egress Doors 
• 1010.1.9.10 - Door hardware release of electrically locked egress doors

电控门控五金作为建筑安防系统的重要组成，以上UL安防性能标准包含不同的安全级别，满足不同的应用场合和保护区域的特殊要求。业主，监管机构，保险公司，以及安全顾问等可以直接通过UL PRODUCT IQ（此前UL公众号介绍PRODUCT IQ查询的超链接）全球数据库查找已取得UL认证的电控门控五金产品及其对应的安全等级，并根据受保护区域的安全要求来选择合适的电控门控五金。

同时UL全球建筑检验专家团队为业主以及利益相关方提供专业全面的建筑检验服务，帮助客人识别受保护区域的潜在安全风险和建立全面的安全保护机制以及系统。（这里可以加上此前发过的BIP服务介绍公众号文章超链接）

Note: 

308.2 Institutional Group I-1. Institutional Group I-1 occupancy shall include buildings, structures or portions thereof for more than 16 persons, excluding staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis in a supervised environment and receive custodial care. Buildings of Group I-1 shall be classified as one of the occupancy conditions specified in Section 308.2.1 or 308.2.2.

This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

• Alcohol and drug centers
• Assisted living facilities
• Congregate care facilities
• Group homes
• Halfway houses
• Residential board and care facilities
• Social rehabilitation facilities

308.2.1 Condition 1. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which all persons receiving custodial care who, without any assistance, are capable of responding

to an emergency situation to complete building evacuation.

308.2.2 Condition 2. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which there are any persons receiving custodial care who require limited verbal or physical assistance

while responding to an emergency situation to complete building evacuation.

Exceptions:

308.2.3 Six to 16 persons receiving custodial care. A facility housing not fewer than six and not more than 16 persons receiving custodial care shall be classified as Group R-4.

308.2.4 Five or fewer persons receiving custodial care.  A facility with five or fewer persons receiving custodial care shall be classified as Group R-3 or shall comply with

the International Residential Code provided an automatic sprinkler system is installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3 or Section P2904 of the International Residential Code.

Institutional Group I-2. Institutional Group I-2 occupancy shall include buildings and structures used for medical care on a 24-hour basis for more than five persons who are

incapable of self-preservation. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

• Foster care facilities
• Detoxification facilities
• Hospitals
• Nursing homes
• Psychiatric hospitals

以下NFPA 101 – The Life Safety Code章节也提到电控门控五金的应用:

• 7.2.1.5.6 Door Hardware Release of Electrically Locked Egress Door Assemblies.
• 7.2.1.6.3 correct
• 7.2.1.6.1 Delayed-Egress Electrical Locking Systems
• 7.2.1.6.2 Sensor-Release of Electrical Locking Systems